Final answer:
A study is biased if it systematically favors certain outcomes, with the correct answer being 'biased.' Random sampling and proper control of variables can help reduce bias in research.
Step-by-step explanation:
A study is biased if it systematically favors certain outcomes. The correct answer is a. Biased. Bias in research can lead to one-sided outcomes that do not accurately represent the situation being studied. Ensuring that a study is free from bias is crucial for the validity and reliability of its results. There are various types of bias in research, such as anchoring bias, where one fixates on a single trait of a problem, or confirmation bias, where one searches for information that confirms their preconceptions while ignoring contradictory evidence.
To avoid bias, it's important to use proper research techniques. For example, choosing a random sample is effective because it gives everyone an equal chance of being part of the study, thereby reducing the risk of bias in selecting participants. In experimental research, controlling for variables properly, such as the independent and dependent variables, helps achieve more accurate and unbiased results. Sometimes, a placebo is used to mitigate the effects of participant expectations on the experiment.