Final answer:
Water intake is regulated through the thirst mechanism, while water output is regulated by the kidneys. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) plays a crucial role in regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Step-by-step explanation:
Water intake is regulated by the body's thirst mechanism. When the body needs more water, the hypothalamus in the brain triggers a sensation of thirst, prompting the individual to drink water. This helps maintain water balance in the body.
Water output is regulated through the kidneys. The kidneys filter waste products and excess water from the blood to form urine. The amount of water in the urine is regulated by the hormone antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
ADH is produced by the pituitary gland in response to signals from the hypothalamus. It acts on the renal collecting tubules, increasing their permeability to water. This allows more water to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, reducing water loss in the urine and helping to maintain water balance.