Final answer:
The 13th-century military costume consisted largely of chainmail, which began evolving into a combination of chain and plate armor for added protection. Manuscript illuminations reveal that military leaders also wore luxurious ceremonial garb, showcasing richness and status.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the 13th century, military costume underwent significant changes and started to exhibit greater diversity and increased protection compared to earlier centuries. This period is characterized by the evolution from chainmail armor to a mix of chain and plate mail. The changes in military attire were influenced by technological advancements and the demands of warfare.
Chainmail and Plate Armor
The Bayeux Tapestry, dating from a century prior, shows Norman cavalry wearing conical steel helmets with nose plates, mail shirts, shields, and spears. By the 14th century, these mail shirts began to be supplemented with metal plates, offering better protection.
Ceremonial Garb
The ceremonial garb depicted in manuscript illuminations shows fine textiles, such as the deep purple silk worn by emperor Alexios V with griffin-patterned medallions. These elaborate fabrics highlight the association between military leaders and the opulence of the court.