Final answer:
The best volume type for the described workload is a Provisioned IOPS SSD volume provisioned at 3,000 IOPS to handle both normal and ETL task requirements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student is inquiring about the best type of durable block storage for a workload that requires 1 TB of storage at 1,500 IOPS during normal operations, with a spike to 3,000 IOPS during a nightly ETL task. The most suitable volume type for such a workload would be option A, which is to Use a Provisioned IOPS SSD volume at 3,000 IOPS. Provisioned IOPS SSD volumes are designed to meet the needs of I/O-intensive workloads, particularly databases, which require both high performance and consistency in throughput. Therefore, by provisioning the volume at 3,000 IOPS, the storage will handle the daily load as well as the increased rate during the ETL tasks without any degradation in performance.