Final answer:
Option (B), The tendency to attribute personal successes to internal characteristics is known as self-serving bias, which boosts self-esteem and is culturally dependent.
Step-by-step explanation:
When we perform well on a task, we typically attribute our success to our internal characteristics, and this is known as self-serving bias. This bias allows us to view ourselves favorably, attributing positive outcomes to dispositional (internal) characteristics and negative outcomes to situational (external) factors. This self-serving bias is culture-dependent and serves to protect our self-esteem, making us feel good about our accomplishments.
The fundamental attribution error is another concept that refers to the tendency to attribute others' actions to internal factors while overlooking situational influences. However, this bias does vary with culture, being more prevalent in individualistic societies compared to collectivistic ones. Understanding attribution involves considering the locus of control, stability, and controllability of the circumstances leading to a particular outcome.