Final answer:
The conceptual framework by FASB is detailed in declarations known as Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts (SFAC), serving as guiding principles for creating accounting standards.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conceptual framework created by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is set forth in pronouncements called Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts (SFAC). The SFACs are intended to establish the objectives and concepts that the FASB will use to develop and guide the selection of financial accounting and reporting standards. The options provided in the question do not directly correspond to the FASB's framework pronouncements, but the closest option would be 'b. principles that guide research,' as the SFACs guide the development of accounting standards, which could be viewed broadly as principles guiding the 'research' or deliberate process of creating those standards.