Final answer:
The two physiological measures of acoustic impedance are Resistance and Reactance. Ultrasound technology has numerous medical applications, and acoustic impedance is calculated by multiplying the density of a medium by the speed of ultrasound through that medium. The velocity of a moving object can be determined from the frequency shift of Doppler-shifted ultrasound.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two physiological measures of acoustic impedance are Resistance and Reactance. Acoustic impedance (Ζ) in a medium is defined as Ζ = ρv, where ρ (rho) is the density of the medium and v is the speed of sound through that medium. This is different from other measures such as amplitude and frequency, which describe the characteristics of the sound wave itself, or intensity and power, which are measures of the energy carried by the sound wave.
Ultrasound technology has a variety of medical uses, including diagnostic imaging in prenatal care to check on the development of the fetus, evaluating organ function, and aiding procedures like needle biopsies. Ultrasound is also used in therapeutic situations, such as in physical therapy to promote tissue healing.
When calculating the acoustic impedance using density values and the speed of ultrasound, you simply multiply the density (in kg/m^3) by the speed of sound (usually given in m/s) in the given medium. For example, if the density of a medium is 1000 kg/m^3 and the speed of sound through that medium is 1500 m/s, the acoustic impedance would be 1,500,000 Rayls (the unit for acoustic impedance).
To calculate the velocity of a moving object using Doppler-shifted ultrasound, you'd measure the change in frequency of the ultrasound wave as it is reflected off the moving object. The frequency shift can be used to determine the velocity of the object relative to the ultrasound source.