Final answer:
The first telephone was installed in the White House in 1880 and could call the Treasury Department; however, the exact first phone number is not well-documented. This event highlights the transformative power of the telephone, patented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, on communication and its growth into an industry led by AT&T.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first telephone was installed in the White House in 1880. Unfortunately, specific records detailing the first phone number at the White House are scarce, but we do know that it could only call directly to another essential government location - the Treasury Department. As the telephone system was in its infancy, these restrictions were typical of early phone installations, which connected a few high-priority locations together for instant communication, a significant advancement from the telegraph.
The installation of the telephone in the White House marks a significant event in the history of telecommunications. Following Alexander Graham Bell's patent secured in 1876, the telephone became an instrumental tool in changing the way information was shared and ultimately led to the burgeoning of an industry dominated by the Bell System, which evolved into AT&T. This company maintained a monopoly on local and long-distance telephone services well into the twentieth century.