Final answer:
The Netherlands Antilles was the autonomous Caribbean country owned by the Netherlands, which was dissolved in 2010 into autonomous countries and special municipalities within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Step-by-step explanation:
The country that was a former autonomous Caribbean country owned by the Netherlands and was dissolved in 2010 is the Netherlands Antilles. The Dutch were significantly involved in the Caribbean due to the lucrative sugar production in the region.
The Dutch West Indies Company (DWIC) was established during a period of European war in the 1620s to carry on the conflict by means of piracy and conquest in the Caribbean. This subsequently led to Dutch dominance in the area and the establishment of Dutch colonies such as Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, St. Martin, St. Eustatius, and Saba.
Following various historical changes, these islands remained part of the Netherlands Antilles until its dissolution in 2010 when Curaçao and Sint Maarten became autonomous countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the remaining islands became special municipalities of the Netherlands.