Final answer:
The criminal justice system follows a 'funnel' model where cases start with the police and may proceed through the courts and corrections as necessary. Various stages, such as arrest, charging, pre-trial hearings, and trial itself, could conclude with different outcomes like dismissals, pleas, or convictions. The U.S. has both state and federal court systems, culminating in the U.S. Supreme Court for federal matters.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding the Criminal Justice System Flow
The flow of cases through the criminal justice system can be likened to a funnel, where not all cases that enter the system end in a trial or conviction. Initially, the police identify and apprehend suspects, following which cases move to the courts. The court system then evaluates the evidence, hears arguments, and a trial may proceed with a judge and jury to determine guilt. If a conviction is secured, the corrections system implements the sentencing, which can include prison or alternatives like probation. Throughout this process, there are numerous points at which cases can exit the funnel, such as through dismissal, plea bargains, or acquittals.
Initial Stages of Criminal Cases
After a crime has been reported and investigated, the police may arrest a suspect if enough evidence is present. The accused then goes through a preliminary hearing where charges are read, legal rights explained, and a plea is made. Criminal proceedings may include further pre-trial hearings on matters like evidence admissibility. A case may be resolved before going to trial through plea bargains or dismissed by the prosecution.
The Court System and Trials
Cases that go to trial are handled by trial courts with general jurisdiction, where a jury deliberates on guilt and a judge decides on the penalty. Losing parties have the right to appeal to higher courts if grounds exist. The United States has both state and federal courts with their respective jurisdictions. The U.S. Supreme Court stands at the apex of the federal system, serving as the final arbiter of legal questions.