Final answer:
A generalized indexed collection consisting of key-value pairs is known as a dictionary. This data structure is commonly used in programming for efficient data retrieval, with each unique key mapping to a particular value.
Step-by-step explanation:
The generalized indexed collection you are asking about is known as a dictionary. In computer science and programming, a dictionary is a data structure which consists of a collection of key-value pairs, often referred to as associations. Each key maps to a particular value, and keys are typically unique within a dictionary to ensure that there is a one-to-one relationship between keys and values. This allows for efficient data retrieval based on the key.
To explain further with an example, imagine a phone book as a type of dictionary. The names of individuals (the keys) are associated with their corresponding phone numbers (the values). When you want to find someone's phone number, you look up their name (the key) and retrieve the associated phone number (the value).