Question

Which of the following is most likely to aid memory retrieval?

1) Tracey breaks down the names of the capitals into pairs of letters so that retrieval involves multiple, smaller pieces of information.
2) Kiana thinks about how the concepts she is studying relate to each other.
3) Joseph studies in a completely empty room with no other objects or people around.
4) Mika reads her notes until they feel very familiar, thereby increasing her fluency with the material.

Answer 1

Kiana's strategy of relating concepts to one another, which utilizes elaborative rehearsal, is the most effective for memory retrieval. This method engages with the levels of processing theory and creates robust retrieval cues through the self-reference effect.

Step-by-step explanation:

Most Effective Memory Retrieval Strategy

Out of the strategies provided, Kiana thinking about how the concepts she is studying relate to each other is most likely to aid memory retrieval. This approach aligns with the concept of elaborative rehearsal, which involves thinking deeply about the information's meaning and linking it to other knowledge already stored in memory. It makes use of the levels of processing theory by Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart, suggesting that deeper processing leads to better long-term memory retention. Additionally, the self-reference effect suggests that making material personally meaningful can further enhance memory retention by creating a richer network of retrieval cues.

Other effective strategies mentioned that can support memory retention include using mnemonic devices, like acronyms or acrostics, which help organize information in an easily retrievable form. Furthermore, distributed practice is recommended over cramming, as it allows time for memory consolidation. Lastly, it is important to note that a strategy like studying in a quiet space, as Joseph does, may reduce distractions but without the use of active techniques it may not be as effective as elaborative rehearsal for memory retrieval.