Final answer:
Three problems with using GWAS are lack of causal information, complexity of traits, and statistical challenges.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are three problems with using GWAS to figure out SNP-trait associations:
- Lack of causal information: GWAS identifies associations between genes and diseases, but it does not establish cause-and-effect relationships. Therefore, an association does not guarantee that the gene is directly responsible for the disease.
- Complexity of traits: Most complex traits are influenced by multiple genes, environmental factors, and gene-environment interactions. GWAS often oversimplifies this complexity and focuses only on SNPs, which may not capture the full picture.
- Statistical challenges: GWAS relies on large sample sizes to detect significant associations. However, genetic variations and environmental factors can introduce noise and confounding variables, making it difficult to accurately interpret the results.