Final answer:
Risk factors for candida vaginal infections include disruptions in the normal vaginal microbiota, immunosuppression, and hormonal changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Risk factors for candida vaginal infections include:
- Disruptions in the normal vaginal microbiota: When the normal balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina is disrupted, Candida can overgrow and cause an infection. Disruptions can be caused by antibiotic therapy, illness (especially diabetes), pregnancy, and the presence of transient microbes.
- Immunosuppression: People with a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV infection, are more susceptible to Candida infections. The severe immunosuppression associated with HIV infection can allow Candida to thrive.
- Hormonal changes: Higher levels of hormones during pregnancy can shift the microbiota composition and balance in the vagina, leading to a higher risk of Candida infections.