Final answer:
Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior frequency, whereas punishment involves presenting or removing a stimulus to decrease a behavior. They are not the same and have different effects on behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'Negative reinforcement and punishment effect behavior in the same way' is False. Negative reinforcement and punishment are two different concepts in operant conditioning. Negative reinforcement occurs when the removal of an unpleasant stimulus increases the frequency of a behavior. For example, buckling up in a car to stop the annoying alert sound is negative reinforcement because it removes the annoying noise, increasing the likelihood that you will buckle up in the future. In contrast, punishment involves presenting or removing a stimulus to decrease a behavior. Positive punishment involves adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior, such as scolding a student to stop texting in class, and negative punishment involves removing a pleasant stimulus, like taking away a child's favorite toy to stop misbehavior.