Final answer:
Incidence and prevalence are two common measurements in epidemiology. Incidence measures the number of new cases, while prevalence includes all cases. Both are vital for understanding disease frequency and are expressed as rates.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two of the most common measurements in epidemiology are incidence and prevalence. Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease during a specific time period. This measurement is important for understanding the risk factors and the spread of a disease. Prevalence, on the other hand, includes both new and existing cases in a population over time, providing a snapshot of the overall health of the population for a given period.
Morbidity and mortality are also key concepts in epidemiology, with morbidity indicating the rate of illnesses and mortality the rate of deaths due to a disease. Both incidence and prevalence are critical in determining disease frequency and are therefore often expressed as a rate in relation to the population size.