Final answer:
The cell division process shown is meiosis, which produces haploid gametes. Each resulting cell will contain one allele for each gene from the homologous chromosomes, represented by letters like A, a, B, b, demonstrating genetic diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The diagram mentioned shows a homologous pair of chromosomes preparing to divide, indicating that the cell is undergoing meiosis, a process that will produce haploid cells from a diploid cell. The type of cells produced by this process will be gametes, which are haploid cells.
Gametes contain one chromosome of each type, thereby having half the genetic material compared to the original diploid cell.
The characteristic of all cells that result from this cell division is that they will have one allele for each gene from the homologous pair, which can be illustrated using the letters A, a, B, b. These letters represent different versions (alleles) of a gene that can be found at the same genetic loci on a chromosome.
Depending on the combination of genetic recombination and independent assortment, the resulting haploid cells can have various combinations (A or a, B or b) that contribute to genetic diversity.