Final answer:
The Synod of Dort was a 17th-century gathering responding to Arminianism, affirming Calvinist positions on predestination and divine grace, leading to the Dortrecht Confession of Faith.
Step-by-step explanation:
The topic of the Synod of Dort was primarily concerned with the theological dispute between Arminianism and Calvinism. This was a pivotal moment in the Reformation, as it addressed differing views on predestination, divine grace, and human free will. The Synod, which took place from 1618 to 1619, was a response to the rise of Arminianism, which challenged the Calvinist doctrine of predestination. The decisions reached at the Synod of Dort firmly supported Calvinism and condemned the teachings of Arminianism, leading to the formulation of the Dortrecht Confession of Faith, also known as the Canons of Dort. These decisions had a significant impact on the development and establishment of Reformed churches in the Netherlands and around the world.