Final answer:
The hammer and feather experiment by Apollo astronaut David Scott on the Moon demonstrated that without an atmosphere, air resistance does not affect falling objects, and the Moon's weaker gravity ensures that differences in mass do not affect the rate of fall.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Apollo astronaut David Scott performed an experiment by dropping a hammer and a feather at the same time on the Moon, and they both reached the ground simultaneously. This outcome was made possible due to two distinct advantages of conducting the experiment on the Moon compared to Earth. First, the absence of an atmosphere on the Moon ensures that there is no air resistance acting on the objects, allowing them to fall at the same rate. Second, the weaker gravitational pull of the Moon, being roughly 1/6th that of Earth's, minimizes the effect any slight discrepancy might have had, and ensures the demonstration of the principle that in the absence of air resistance, all objects fall at the same rate regardless of mass.