Final answer:
Agents that cause mutations are called mutagens. While many mutagens can also be carcinogens, not all are, as some carcinogens increase cancer risk through mechanisms other than direct DNA damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Agents that cause mutation are known as mutagens. Mutagens can induce changes to the DNA sequence in an organism. Not all mutagens cause cancer, but those that do are also referred to as carcinogens. Examples of mutagens include radiation, chemicals present in tobacco smoke, and certain viruses. While not all mutagens are carcinogenic, many carcinogens are inherently mutagenic because they change the genetic material of cells and can potentially lead to cancer. For instance, tobacco smoking is strongly linked to lung and bladder cancers, and prolonged exposure to substances like asbestos can lead to mesothelioma.
A carcinogen is defined as any agent that directly or indirectly contributes to the incidence of cancer. Some carcinogens do not directly damage DNA but, for example, may promote faster cell division, increasing the likelihood of errors during replication. On the other hand, mutagens like those found in tobacco smoke can directly alter DNA and therefore are often associated with carcinogenesis.