Final answer:
Solifluction (Option B) is NOT closely associated with large landslides as it is a slow movement typically found in periglacial environments, unlike the rapid movement seen in large landslides.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question asks which factor is NOT closely associated with large landslides. Given the provided options, the correct answer to which is NOT associated with landslides is solifluction (Option B). Solifluction is a type of slow, downslope movement of water-saturated soil, typically found in periglacial environments, and is not typically associated with the rapid movement seen in large landslides. In contrast, earthquakes, fault zones, and heavy rains can all contribute significantly to landslide events. They can potentially destabilize slopes, leading to the rapid downward movement of soil and rock. Similarly, large joints in rock formations can provide pathways for water to infiltrate and weaken rock masses, also contributing to landslide risk.