Final answer:
A chemical formula for a molecular compound involves only nonmetals and represents discrete molecules, whereas a formula for an ionic compound involves both metals and nonmetals, indicating an extended array of ions. Molecular compounds exhibit covalent bonding, while ionic compounds display electrostatic attractions between cations and anions.
Step-by-step explanation:
When comparing the chemical formulas of molecular and ionic compounds, it's essential to note the types of elements involved. Molecular compounds are typically composed of only nonmetals, forming discrete molecules through covalent bonds, exemplified by water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). In contrast, ionic compounds usually consist of a metal and a nonmetal, forming an extensive three-dimensional array of ions through the transfer of electrons, as seen in sodium chloride (NaCl).
The correct option that distinguishes between the chemical formulas for molecular and ionic compounds is: a) Molecular compounds involve only nonmetals, while ionic compounds involve metals and nonmetals. You can use the periodic table to determine which elements are metals and nonmetals, thereby predicting the type of compound formed.
Another telling difference is in their behavior when dissolved in water. Molecular compounds separate into individual molecules, whereas ionic compounds dissociate into individual ions, which starkly represents their underlying chemical structures.