Final answer:
Overnutrition refers to consuming more energy than needed, often leading to obesity and related health risks. Malnutrition encompasses both overnutrition and undernutrition, which are forms of poor nutritional intake.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nutritional status in which a person consumes more energy than is needed is referred to as overnutrition. Overnutrition is typically caused by excessive energy intake and insufficient energy expenditure, which can lead to being overweight or obese. Obesity, as a consequence of overnutrition, poses significant health risks, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. On the other hand, malnutrition refers to poor nutritional status due to inadequate or imbalanced nutrient intake, which includes unbalanced nutrition, overnutrition, and undernutrition. Undernutrition is an insufficient intake of nutrients, often resulting in low body fat reserves and low body mass index (BMI).