Final answer:
The Andes Mountain range passes through Argentina and Chile, and notably, it is the longest mountain chain in the world, significantly influencing Argentina's geography and climate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mountain range that passes through Argentina and Chile is the Andes. The Andes Mountains are the longest mountain chain in the world, extending along the entire western region of South America from Venezuela to southern Chile. Within Argentina, the Andes play a critical role in the country’s physical geography, defining its western border and impacting its climate.
Argentina’s northern region has one of the highest average elevations due to the Andes Mountain range that widens and is also home to fertile river valleys. The diversity of the climate in this region is influenced by altitudinal zonation, which describes the varying climate types at different elevations along the mountain range. As a result, one can experience the type H highland climates along the Andes in Argentina, offering a contrast from the warmer temperatures at lower elevations to the colder ones at higher elevations.