Final answer:
Claude Steele's research identifies stereotype threat as a major factor influencing differential SAT scores among racialized communities, compounded by structural racism and educational inequities.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Claude Steele, the differential SAT scores across racialized communities can be largely attributed to a psychological phenomenon known as stereotype threat. This refers to the situational predicament in which individuals feel at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group. In the context of SAT testing, stereotype threat can cause anxiety and stress in students from historically marginalized populations, which may undermine their performance. Steele's research emphasizes that structural racism and educational inequities contribute to an environment where stereotype threat can thrive, leading to a disparity in test scores that does not reflect true potential or ability.
It is important to note that the SAT's predictive validity has been questioned, as the test may not accurately predict a student's academic success in college. Furthermore, the idea that SAT scores are reflections of innate ability is challenged by the assertion that social and educational backgrounds play a significant role in shaping test outcomes.