Final answer:
Spoken defamatory speech is called slander, while written defamation is called libel. Defamation includes both and refers to false statements that harm someone's reputation. Public figures need to prove 'actual malice' or reckless disregard for the truth to claim defamation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Spoken defamatory speech is called slander. It refers to false statements made orally that can damage a person's reputation. On the other hand, libel refers to written defamation. Defamation itself is a broader term that includes both slander and libel and refers to any false statement communicated to others that can harm someone's reputation. Media can publish negative and harmful stories, but they must avoid presenting false information as facts in order to not be sued for slander or libel. Public figures who are subject to defamation have a higher burden of proof to show that the statement was made with 'actual malice' or reckless disregard for the truth, as established in the landmark case New York Times v. Sullivan.