Final answer:
Societies can be organized from simple to complex in the following order: Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, States, as categorized by Elman Service's scheme.
Step-by-step explanation:
Elman Service developed a scheme for categorizing societies based on their complexity and social organization. According to this scheme, societies are organized from simple to complex as follows: Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, and States.
Bands are small, family-based groups with no political structure, typically associated with subsistence patterns of gathering and hunting. Moving up in complexity, Tribes are larger, often associated with pastoralism and horticulture, and they incorporate extended family structures and/or councils for leadership and decision-making processes. Chiefdoms represent a further leap in social organization, featuring intensive agriculture, militarism, and religious ideologies, with power consolidated in the hands of a chief or hierarchy of chiefs. At the most complex end of the spectrum are States, which are organized through a formal bureaucratic system, include military conquest, and often encompass multiethnic territories due to extensive regional trade.