Final answer:
Researchers have used multivariate statistical methods, specifically transition analysis, to estimate ancestry using cranial measures in the field of adult age estimation in paleodemography. This method provides more accurate age estimates by considering skeletal-age markers and their variable timing of changes with age.
Step-by-step explanation:
Early application of using multivariate statistical methods for estimating ancestry using cranial measures can be seen in adult age estimation in paleodemography. Traditional age-estimation methods in paleodemography tend to have biases and limitations, leading to underestimations of older adult ages and broad terminal age intervals. Transition analysis, a method that resolves the biases of traditional methods, provides more accurate age estimates and confidence intervals. By analyzing skeletal-age markers such as the pubic symphysis, iliac auricular surface, and cranial suture closure, researchers can estimate adult ages more accurately, considering the variable timing of skeletal changes with age.