Final answer:
Special proteins made by lymphocytes to fight invaders are called antibodies, mainly produced by B cells. T cells carry out cellular adaptive immunity, with Th cells aiding in antibody responses. Antibodies are a critical part of the adaptive immune system, while innate immunity provides immediate defense.
Step-by-step explanation:
Special proteins that are made by lymphocytes to fight invaders are known as antibodies. Antibodies are produced by a type of lymphocyte known as B cells. Once activated by binding to an antigen, B cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. Antibodies are part of the adaptive immune system and are produced in response to foreign stimuli called antigens, which could be proteins, carbohydrates, or other substances. Cellular adaptive immunity is carried out by T cells, specifically killer T cells, which find and destroy tumor cells and virally infected cells in the body. T helper cells (Th cells) such as Th1 and Th2 assist in the immune response by secreting cytokines that help B cells and other immune cells respond to pathogens. The innate immune system includes components like macrophages and natural killer cells, but not antibodies, which are part of the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system provides immediate defense against infection by various pathogens, whereas the adaptive immune system provides a more specialized and long-lasting response, involving immune memory.