Final answer:
The antibiotic known to cause discoloration and decay of teeth is from the tetracycline class, such as doxycycline. These side effects occur because tetracyclines bind to calcium in developing teeth. Good dental hygiene and proper use of antibiotics are important for preventing these harmful effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The antibiotic known for causing discoloration and decaying of teeth is from the tetracycline class. Tetracyclines, including doxycycline, can cause permanent discoloration of developing teeth, a condition which is particularly concerning for children whose teeth are still forming. This side effect is thought to occur because tetracyclines bind to calcium ions in the teeth, leading to a discoloration effect, especially when prescribed to children under the age of eight and to pregnant women for their unborn child's teeth. Tooth discoloration can also result from oral infections such as gingivitis and periodontitis, where chronic conditions may necessitate the use of antibiotics including tetracycline, doxycycline, macrolides, or ß-lactams. In severe cases of periodontitis, antibiotics may be prescribed to mitigate the damage caused by microbial populations that can lead to tooth decay and potential loss of teeth. It is vital for overall dental health to maintain good dental hygiene practices, including regular brushing, flossing, and professional cleanings. These measures, along with the careful administration of antibiotics, are essential to prevent harmful side effects like enamel discoloration and to ensure the proper management of bacterial infections that can compromise tooth structure and health.