Final answer:
Rebound nasal congestion, or rhinitis medicamentosa, results from prolonged use of nasal decongestants. During pregnancy, natural congestion can be relieved by humidifier use and increased fluid intake. Rebound congestion should be distinguished from common cold-related congestion, which resolves on its own.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rebound nasal congestion, also known as rhinitis medicamentosa, occurs when the blood vessels within the nasal mucosa swell excessively, leading to nasal congestion. This can be a side effect of prolonged use of topical decongestants, which are designed to provide temporary relief from congestion by constricting the blood vessels in the nasal passages. However, if these decongestants are used for more than a few days, the body can become accustomed to their effects, leading to an increased swelling of the nasal mucosa when the medication is discontinued, thus creating a cycle of dependency and worsening congestion. During pregnancy, increased blood flow to the respiratory mucosa naturally leads to nasal congestion and nosebleeds, especially in cold and dry conditions. To alleviate congestion in these situations, it is recommended to use a humidifier and to increase fluid intake to maintain mucosal moisture and reduce irritation.
It's important to differentiate between congestion caused by infections, such as the common cold caused by rhinoviruses, and rebound congestion. Common colds trigger an inflammatory response in the mucosa which leads to symptoms like runny nose, congestion, and coughing. The symptoms of a cold usually resolve within 1-2 weeks without the need for medications that can cause rebound congestion.