Final answer:
Anthropology unifies the four subfields of cultural, archaeological, biological, and linguistic anthropology to provide an all-encompassing study of human beings throughout history and across different cultures, aiming to understand human diversity and complex global issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject that gives concept and is concerned with all human beings across times and places, integrating the four subfields of anthropology, is anthropology itself. These subfields include cultural anthropology, archaeology, biological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. Together, they provide a comprehensive understanding of humanity, addressing social inequality and the natural world through a multidisciplinary approach. Anthropology celebrates diversity and uses a holistic approach to understand human societies, their development, and their adaptations to a variety of conditions.
Anthropological research examines a wide array of human experiences, employing techniques such as cross-cultural comparison and cultural relativism. It is essential for understanding complex global challenges, such as racial injustice and climate change, by looking at how different aspects of human life interconnect and influence one another. This field of study encourages recognizing the ethnosphere - the rich variety of human cultures - as part of understanding and valuing human uniqueness and diversity.