Final answer:
The Restoration in England began in 1660 with the crowning of Charles II as king, following the republican period under Oliver Cromwell. It marked the return of the monarchy, the Parliament, and the re-establishment of the Anglican Church.
Step-by-step explanation:
Restoration of Charles II to the English Throne
The year 1660 marked the beginning of the Restoration period in England with Charles II being crowned as king. This period followed the English Civil War and the rule of Oliver Cromwell, and it restored the monarchy after a decade-long interregnum. Charles II's reign was notable for its extravagance and for the tension between the monarchy and Parliament over religious matters. The term "Restoration" specifically refers to Charles II's ascent to the throne, signaling a return to monarchical rule and the re-establishment of both houses of Parliament and the Anglican Church.
Additionally, Charles II sought to strengthen England's global position and enacted the mercantilist Navigation Acts to economically benefit from overseas possessions. Nevertheless, his rule often reflected his extravagant and irresponsible personality, contrasting sharply with Cromwell's austere Puritanism.