Final answer:
Evolutionary reasoning applied to human behavior acknowledges that both genetic and cultural factors can influence behavior. Evolutionary psychology often focuses on predicting behaviors based on theory rather than proving genetic determinants, and cultural evolution can rapidly shape behaviors beyond genetics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The argument that the application of evolutionary reasoning to understand contemporary human behavior does not necessarily rely on genetics stems from the understanding that behaviors may also be heavily influenced by cultural, social, and environmental factors. Evolutionary psychology emphasizes that while a behavior may contribute to survival and is selected for in the evolutionary past, it does not have to be strictly genetic; it could also be influenced by learned behavior and cultural adaptations. This is because the cultural evolution can happen much faster than genetic evolution, and behaviors can be transmitted through learning. Furthermore, the evidence for a purely genetic basis for many complex behaviors is often lacking, as cultural anthropology demonstrates that many behaviors are not universal and can vary widely between societies.
Additionally, modern evolutionary theory, or the modern synthesis, reconciles the mechanisms of natural selection with genetic inheritance, as described by Mendelian genetics and population genetics. However, some human traits and behaviors do not follow Mendelian inheritance patterns, signifying the influence of multiple genes or environmental factors. Therefore, understanding human behavior from an evolutionary standpoint does not exclusively necessitate a genetic explanation but rather includes a broader synthesis of biological and cultural factors.