Final answer:
Segmentary lineage systems are characterized by minimal lineages, maximal lineages, and clans. Patrilineal and matrilineal systems are types of unilineal descent systems where kinship is traced through either male or female ancestors.
Step-by-step explanation:
In segmentary lineage systems, family units called minimal lineages are encompassed by larger groups called maximal lineages, which are subsumed by even larger groups called clans. The Nuer of South Sudan are an example of a society with segmentary lineages. These lineages help maintain group cohesion and settle conflicts by allowing individuals to recruit allies from larger kin groups during disputes.
On the other hand, patrilineal and matrilineal systems are types of unilineal descent systems, where kinship is traced through either the male or female line. In patrilineal descent, both males and females trace their descent solely through male ancestors.