Final answer:
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) decreases intestinal peristalsis, thereby reducing diarrhea. It functions differently from loop diuretics, which increase urine volume by inhibiting Na+ and Cl- reabsorption in the loop of Henle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mechanism of action of diphenoxylate (Lomotil) is C. It decreases peristalsis in the intestinal wall. Diphenoxylate is a medication that acts on the mu-receptors in the gut to slow down bowel movements, thereby reducing the need for water reabsorption and allowing for the stool to become more solid in cases of diarrhea. It is an antidiarrheal drug, which contrasts with the action of loop diuretics used to treat hypertension that inhibit the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions in the loop of Henle, leading to increased urination. Loop diuretics increase urine volume as they prevent the reabsorption of these ions, leading to an increased excretion of water.