Final answer:
The Mayans had significant achievements in astronomy, such as creating a sophisticated calendar based on Venus and predicting solar eclipses through their advanced mathematics and concept of cyclical time. They utilized observations for practical purposes, including agriculture and religious ceremonies, and their structural alignments highlight their astronomical precision.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mayan Astronomical Discoveries
The Mayans made extraordinary discoveries in astronomy that were interwoven with their rituals and religion. Notably, they developed an intricate calendar system that revolved around the cycles of the planet Venus. The Mayans observed astronomical events from their city-states, which contained dedicated sites for studying celestial bodies. Their observations were not only for scholarly purposes but also had practical applications such as planning agricultural activities and religious ceremonies.
Mayan priests used codices to track and predict celestial events, and these writings played a significant role in conducting sacred ceremonies. Through their advanced knowledge in mathematics, they implemented a numerical system that included the use of zero, which was unique in comparison to other ancient civilizations. This mathematical prowess supported their sophisticated understanding of astronomy and their ability to predict solar eclipses accurately.
The concept of time for the Maya was cyclical, and this is reflected in their calendars, including the solar year and the 52-year calendar round. The Maya’s precise knowledge in this field is evident from the alignment of their buildings and artefacts such as in Chaco Canyon's Sun Dagger, which marked important seasonal events with accuracy.