Final answer:
Air routes fall under Class E airspace which usually starts at either the surface or a designed altitude above the surface and extends up to, but not including, flight level 600.
Step-by-step explanation:
Air routes are designated as class Class E airspace and they typically extend from the surface or a designated altitude above the surface (which varies by country) up to but not including flight level 600 (60,000 feet). Class E airspace is generally controlled airspace that is not designated as Class A, B, C, or D. It is utilized to facilitate instrument flight rules (IFR) operations and to provide controlled airspace for those aircraft which are operating under visual flight rules (VFR). Pilots are required to communicate with air traffic control (ATC) when flying in Class A, B, C, and D airspace, while communication with ATC in Class E airspace is not always mandatory, but recommended for safety.