Final answer:
Bones turning bluish-white after being burned at high temperatures is true, as high heat burns away organic material. Also, a broken bone is indeed the same as a bone fracture, while not all structures in a newborn's skeletal system are entirely cartilage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that bones are bluish-white and generally have very little organic material remaining can only result from being burned at very high temperatures is true. When bones are burned at high temperatures, organic components such as collagen and fat are burned away leaving behind a mineral matrix. This calcined bone has a characteristic bluish-white color due to the changes in chemical composition and can withstand decay for a longer time.
This process of bones surviving with little organic material due to high temperatures connects with their ability to make good fossils. Unlike soft tissues that rapidly decay after death bone tissue tends to last much longer due to its mineral content. Additionally it is true that a broken bone is synonymous with a bone fracture. Whether called a break or a fracture, it refers to a discontinuity in the bone's structure. In another related concept most bones are not made entirely of cartilage at birth but rather have a significant amount of cartilage that will ossify to form bone as a person grows.