Final answer:
John Bodley's description of culture shifting towards a global scale involves technological advancement and the influence of forces such as colonialism, industrialization, and globalization. Lewis Henry Morgan highlights technology as the prime mover, while Franz Boas emphasizes the interaction of cultures rather than unilineal evolution. Together, these factors have contributed to the complex tapestry of global culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Bodley describes human culture as moving from small-scale to large-scale to global-scale. In his view, the people responsible for these changes include a variety of influential groups and forces over historical periods. Intellectuals such as anthropologists, technologists, and philosophers, along with the substantial impacts of events such as colonialism, the Industrial Revolution, and the expansion of capitalist and collectivist economies have played pivotal roles in cultural evolution. The transition from each stage has been facilitated by advancements in technology and by the diffusion of cultural elements due to increased interactions among diverse cultures.
Technological advancements catalyze the growth and change in human cultures, as suggested by anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan, forming the basis of these shifts from one societal scale to another. Furthermore, global factors such as population growth, capitalist expansion, and the escalation of globalization have augmented the movement toward a global-scale culture. This process is characterized by the exchange of products, ideas, and cultural practices that transcend traditional geographic and social boundaries.
It is important to consider the notion presented by Franz Boas that cultural changes occur not in isolation but through the regular influence and interactions with other cultures. These interactions lead to a diverse array of cultural evolutions shaped by complex relations such as trade, migration, and conquest, and thus, each culture develops its unique trajectory rather than following a predetermined path toward a singular form of civilization.