Final answer:
Armchair Anthropology refers to the study of cultures from a distance without direct fieldwork, relying on information gathered by others. This method contrasts with modern practices which emphasize immersive fieldwork for collecting data.
Step-by-step explanation:
Armchair Anthropology involved studying cultures from a distance without the necessity for fieldwork or direct observation. It relied on second-hand reports, documents, and materials collected by others—often explorers, missionaries, or traders. This approach is contrasted with fieldwork-based research methods such as participant observation, where cultural anthropologists live within and observe a society over an extended period to conduct their studies.
While armchair anthropology did provide some initial insights, it has since been largely discredited due to its lack of direct engagement and the potential biases and inaccuracies that can arise from second-hand interpretations. Consequently, contemporary anthropological research emphasizes the importance of ongoing and immersive fieldwork.