Final answer:
A closed circulatory system has blood separated from interstitial fluid, enclosed within vessels, and is more efficiently controlled and structured than an open system. Vertebrates and some invertebrates have such systems, which enable efficient transport of nutrients and waste. The lymphatic system differs from circulatory systems as it is not a full circulating system nor is it pressurized by the heart.
Step-by-step explanation:
A closed circulatory system is one where the blood is separated from the bodily interstitial fluid and is contained within blood vessels. Unlike an open circulatory system, a closed system is more structured and controlled. In a closed system, the blood flows unidirectionally from the heart, circulates through the systemic route, and then returns back to the heart, efficiently transporting nutrients and waste products.
Most vertebrates and some invertebrates, like the annelid earthworm, possess a closed circulatory system. One of the key differences between the two systems is that in a closed circulatory system, blood does not mix with interstitial fluid, while in an open system, a fluid called hemolymph is pumped through vessels that empty into the body cavity.
The lymphatic system is often confused with circulatory systems, but it is not pressurized by the heart and does not form a full circulating system. Its role is distinct as it is responsible for transporting lymphatic fluids towards two drainage points into the veins above the heart, moving in one direction from the extremities.