Final answer:
Ethnology is a branch of cultural anthropology that focuses on cultural ethnic groups and cross-cultural comparisons to establish relationships and shared cultural elements among indigenous societies. It involves understanding cultural practices within their broader contexts and documenting human diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The branch of cultural anthropology that primarily focuses on cultural ethnic groups is known as ethnology. Ethnology is concerned with the cross-cultural comparison of different groups, examining similarities and differences to understand relationships among various indigenous societies. It uses the data from language dialects, dress, appearances, and migration patterns to track changes in tribal cultures and establish connections between cultures, thus offering insights into the history and social dynamics of ethnic groups.
Another key aspect of exploring human societies through cultural anthropology is the concept of cultural relativism, which is based on the understanding that each belief or practice should be viewed in the context of its own culture. Additionally, enculturation is the process through which an individual learns the culture they are surrounded by, primarily during childhood.
Furthermore, cultural anthropology explores various aspects of human cultures, such as social thought, action, rituals, values, and institutions. It attempts to provide an insider's point of view to represent the perspectives of the people practicing a culture, highlighting the importance of human diversity and creativity.