Final answer:
The anthropological perspective sees gender as a cultural construct that varies widely, as opposed to being a direct outcome of biological differences. Hawaiian culture, with its recognition of the Māhū, presents an example of a more inclusive understanding of gender categories, contrasting with the traditional binary system found in the U.S. The U.S. is witnessing an evolution in gender vocabulary as society becomes more aware of and accepting of non-binary identities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The anthropological understanding of gender views it not as a natural expression of biological sex differences but rather as a social construction shaped by cultural norms, practices, and power dynamics. Gender roles and sexual identities are seen as embedded in people's minds, bodies, social institutions, and everyday practices, varying widely across different cultures.
In Hawaiian culture, the existence of the Māhū, who represent a third gender, illustrates the variety of gender categories that extend beyond the male/female binary. This challenges the rigid two-gender system prevalent in many Western societies, which often marginalizes those who do not conform to binary gender norms.
In comparison, the focal vocabulary of gender in the U.S. is historically rooted in a binary understanding but is beginning to evolve with the introduction of alternative gender identities. While the English language may lack terminology for genders outside the male-female binary, cultural movements are increasingly advocating for recognition and rights for diverse gender identities.