Final answer:
Commodore Matthew C. Perry forced Japan to open up to Western trade in 1853, using his fleet's military might to secure the signing of the Convention of Kanagawa, initiating the end of Japanese isolationism and spurring the Meiji Restoration.
Step-by-step explanation:
Commodore Matthew C. Perry's expedition to Japan in 1853 marked a pivotal moment in history, catalyzing the opening of Japan to Western trade. Perry arrived in Edo Bay with a fleet of four warships, undermining Japan's isolationist policies with his demonstration of military strength.
The Japanese government, recognizing the technological superiority of Western forces and seeking to avoid the fate of other nations under colonial domination, decided to make concessions. This culminated in the signing of the Convention of Kanagawa on March 31, 1854, which included pivotal provisions such as opening two ports for American use and ensuring the humane treatment of shipwrecked American sailors.
The following events included the signing of the "Treaty of Peace and Amity" and later, the more comprehensive "Treaty of Amity and Commerce," which further established trade relations and a U.S. consulate in Japan. This chain of interactions kicked off the Meiji Restoration, during which Japan endeavored to industrialize rapidly and modernize its military, leading it to become an exception in the face of Western imperialistic pressures. Perry's actions set Japan on a trajectory towards becoming a formidable global player.