Final answer:
The Scramble for Africa saw European countries dividing the continent, except for Ethiopia which successfully defended itself against colonization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Scramble for Africa was a period of rapid colonization of the African continent by European powers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The major European powers involved in the scramble were the British, French, Germans, Belgians, Portuguese, and Italians. They sought to establish colonies to gain access to raw materials and create new markets for their industrial products, as well as to increase their international prestige and secure military dominance.
However, the one country that successfully repelled colonization efforts during the scramble was Ethiopia. The Italians attempted to establish a colony in Ethiopia but were defeated by Emperor Menelik II at the Battle of Adwa in 1896. Ethiopia's victory allowed it to maintain its sovereignty during the period when other African nations were being divided among European powers.
Therefore, the correct answer is that the "Scramble for Africa" was carried out against all the following countries except Ethiopia, as it succeeded in defending itself against European colonization attempts.