Final answer:
A 13-year-old student scoring very high on an IQ test would generally be expected to have above-average intellectual abilities. However, high IQ scores do not necessarily guarantee success without considering additional factors. In contrast, a learning disability signifies a specific neurological impairment and not a global intellectual deficit.
Step-by-step explanation:
The IQ test measures a person's cognitive abilities and potential. A junior high school counselor who gives a 13-year-old student an IQ test and observes a very high score would expect the student to have above-average intellectual abilities. This high score typically correlates with a higher aptitude for learning and may qualify the student as 'gifted' within educational systems. A superior IQ score is usually 130 or above and signifies superior intelligence in particular areas.
IQ scores do not necessarily predict academic success without considering other factors such as motivation, socio-economic status, learning disabilities, and emotional support. Candace's case, a girl with a score of 68 on an IQ test, highlights the complexity of diagnosing and supporting students with different educational needs. Her low IQ score suggests significant challenges in a regular education class without additional support and raises questions about why her difficulties were not recognized earlier.
As shown in the longitudinal study by Lewis Terman in 1921, high intelligence does not equate to emotional or behavioral issues. Instead, children with high IQ scores often grow into well-educated and successful adults. Contrarily, a learning disability is a specific neurological impairment affecting particular areas of cognition and is not indicative of overall intelligence level. It often affects children with average to above-average intelligence but in a specific domain, such as language or reading.