The two most important factors in the climate of an area are temperature and precipitation. The yearly average temperature of the area is obviously important, but the yearly range in temperature is also important. Some areas have a much larger range between highest and lowest temperature than other areas.
The most familiar features of a region's climate are probably average temperature and precipitation.
Regions that include rainforests or have monsoon seasons are examples of tropical climates. Polar climates are the coldest of all of Earth's climate types. Ice caps and tundras are both found where we have polar climates.