Final answer:
Samuel Smith sank ships near Fort McHenry to create a blockade, halting the British fleet's advance and protecting American ships during the War of 1812.
Step-by-step explanation:
Samuel Smith purposely sank empty ships near Fort McHenry to create a blockade and prevent the British fleet from reaching Baltimore harbor. During the War of 1812, specifically in September 1814, the British, under Admiral Alexander Cochrane, aimed to bombard Fort McHenry until its defenders surrendered.
The American naval commander took decisive action by sinking ships at the entrance to the Cooper River, forming a water hazard that thwarted the British approach and protected the American ships from capture. This strategic move contributed to the successful defense of Baltimore and inspired Francis Scott Key to write The Star-Spangled Banner.