Final answer:
Atherosclerosis is the condition where fatty plaques build up within the walls of arteries, leading to narrowing and stiffening of the arteries, which can cause serious health issues like heart attacks or strokes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition known as atherosclerosis is characterized by the formation of fatty plaques within the wall of arteries. Atherosclerosis is a specific type of arteriosclerosis, which is the general hardening and loss of elasticity ('stiffening') of artery walls. In atherosclerosis, plaques are formed by the accumulation of fatty substances, cholesterol, cell debris, calcium, and connective tissue. These plaques build up in the inner lining of arteries, leading to narrowing and stiffening of the arteries which can ultimately impede blood flow. Factors such as genetics, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and tobacco use contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Over time, if the blood supply to vital organs like the heart or brain is compromised, serious conditions such as heart attacks or strokes may occur.